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href="/vue-config/axios-optimization-two/" class="sidebar-link">vue项目axios请求优化（二）</a></li><li><a href="/vue-config/axios-optimization-three/" class="sidebar-link">vue项目axios请求优化（三）</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>前端工具</span> <!----></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/tool/use-nvm/" class="sidebar-link">nvm的使用</a></li><li><a href="/tool/vscode/sftp/" class="sidebar-link">vscode插件之sftp</a></li><li><a href="/tool/vscode/koroFileHeader/" class="sidebar-link">vscode插件之koroFileHeader</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="javascript-中-call-、apply-、bind-的用法"><a href="#javascript-中-call-、apply-、bind-的用法" class="header-anchor">#</a> JavaScript 中 call()、apply()、bind() 的用法</h1> <p>先看两个例子</p> <h2 id="例子1"><a href="#例子1" class="header-anchor">#</a> 例子1</h2> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;小布&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>age <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> obj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;小红&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">objAge</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token function-variable function">myFun</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">姓名：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">，年龄：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span>objAge<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//18</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：小红，年龄：undefined</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="例子2"><a href="#例子2" class="header-anchor">#</a> 例子2</h2> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;小布&quot;</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">showName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function">showName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//小布</span>
</code></pre></div><p>**结论：**例子1中的 objAge中的 this 指向 window，因此拿到的值 是 18. myFun 中的 this 指向的是 obj对象，因此 拿到 name  是 小红， 但是 对象中并没有age 因此 打印的值为 undefined。例2中 函数一样的，this指向的是 window。</p> <p>**存在问题：**由于函数中this指向不是很明确，有时候需要改变this指向，因此出现了call()、apply()、bind()三个方法。这三个方法的出现就是改变this指向的。</p> <p><strong>如：</strong></p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;小布&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> age <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> obj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;小红&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">objAge</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token function-variable function">myFun</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">姓名：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">，年龄：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">var</span> otherObj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;张三&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">age</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;99&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：小红，年龄：undefined</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：张三，年龄：99</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：张三，年龄：99</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：张三，年龄：99</span>
</code></pre></div><p>call，apply，bind 三个方法除了bind方法后面需要多个 () 外，其余没有区别，且返回结果都一致</p> <p><strong>结论：</strong> bind返回的是一个新的函数，因此使用bind时需要加个（）调用。且call，apply，bind的第一个参数为 this的指向对象。</p> <h2 id="对比call、apply、bind传参情况下的区别"><a href="#对比call、apply、bind传参情况下的区别" class="header-anchor">#</a> 对比call、apply、bind传参情况下的区别</h2> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;小布&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> age <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">18</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> obj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;小红&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">objAge</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token function-variable function">myFun</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">from<span class="token punctuation">,</span>to</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">姓名：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string"> 年龄：</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>age<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">,来自</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span><span class="token keyword">from</span><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">去往</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>to<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">var</span> otherObj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">name</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;李四&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token literal-property property">age</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">88</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;厦门&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;北京&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：小红 年龄：undefined,来自厦门去往北京</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;厦门&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;北京&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：李四 年龄：88,来自厦门去往北京</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;厦门&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;北京&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：李四 年龄：88,来自厦门,北京去往undefined</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;厦门&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;北京&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;漳州&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：李四 年龄：88,来自厦门,北京去往漳州</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;厦门&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;北京&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：李四 年龄：88,来自厦门去往北京</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;厦门&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;北京&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：李四 年龄：88,来自厦门去往北京</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;厦门&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;北京&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：李四 年龄：88,来自厦门,北京去往undefined</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>obj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">myFun</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>otherObj<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;厦门&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;北京&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">&quot;漳州&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//姓名：李四 年龄：88,来自厦门,北京去往漳州</span>
</code></pre></div><!----> <p>从上面的结果不难看出</p> <p>call、apply、bind这三个函数的第一个参数都是this的指向对象，主要区别就是第二个参数</p> <p><strong>call 参数是直接放进去的，第二个第三个第n个参数全都用逗号分隔，直接放到后面obj.myFun.call(otherObj,&quot;厦门&quot;，..., &quot;string&quot;)</strong></p> <p><strong>apply 的所有参数必须放在一个数组里面传进去，obj.myFun.apply(otherObj,[&quot;厦门&quot;，..., &quot;string&quot;])</strong></p> <p><strong>bind除了返回是函数以外，他的参数和call一样。</strong></p> <p>当然，三者的参数不限定是 string 类型，允许是各种类型，包括函数 、 object 等等！</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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